- John Motsamai Modise
- South African Police Service
This study investigates the impact of poverty, unemployment, and inequality on crime rates, with a focus on South Africa’s marginalised communities. The purpose of the research is to analyse how structural socioeconomic disadvantages contribute to the prevalence of crime and to explore possible developmental responses that address the root causes rather than merely the symptoms. The problem statement highlights that despite numerous policing and crime prevention efforts, South Africa continues to experience high levels of violent and property crime, particularly in poor, underdeveloped communities. These trends are underpinned by persistent inequality, youth unemployment, and spatial segregation that limit access to opportunity and perpetuate cycles of criminality. The main findings reveal that poverty and unemployment are directly associated with higher crime rates in marginalised areas, while inequality fuels social tension, frustration, and perceptions of injustice. Moreover, youth are disproportionately affected, with lack of access to education and employment increasing their vulnerability to gang activity and criminal networks. The main contribution of this study is its emphasis on a developmental and systemic view of crime causation. Rather than relying solely on punitive measures, the research calls for multi-sectoral interventions that prioritise education, job creation, social inclusion, and community-based policing. It also highlights the need for policy reforms grounded in evidence, community voices, and long-term socioeconomic transformation. In conclusion, addressing crime in South Africa’s most vulnerable communities requires a fundamental shift from reactive to proactive, equity-driven governance. Only by tackling the underlying socioeconomic factors can sustainable safety and social cohesion be achieved.